Company description university of the witwatersrand. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. The karoo supergroup is the most widespread stratigraphic unit in africa south of the kalahari desert. Sep 25, 20 a multiple sulfur and organic carbon isotope record from nonconglomeratic sedimentary rocks of the mesoarchean witwatersrand supergroup, south africa. Origin, geodynamic significance and mineralization. Turffonteinklipriviersberg sedimentation deposition of the witwatersrand supergroup. Gold fields mineral resource and mineral reserve supplement.
Allow grease to cool before attempting to move pan. Wartenweiler library offers libraries services in johannesburg, gp area. It is made of thick terrigenous sequence comprising arenaceous and argillaceous sedimentary rocks. Witwatersrand supergroup is sometimes carried out at depths of 4 kilometres 2. The siliciclastic mesoarchaean witwatersrand supergroup in the central kapvaal craton south.
This is a spectacular sample of precambrian highgrade gold ore from south africas blyvooruitzicht gold mine. The first year courses have been designed to cover the broad spectrum of modern biology in an integrated way and to provide students with the skills, knowledge and attitudes to understand the major issues in biology today. The currently available data and observations are best. The entire series of rocks, known as the witwatersrand supergroup, consists of very hard erosion resistant quartzites, banded ironstones and some marine lava deposits. The departments of botany and zoology of the university of the witwatersrand were founded in 1917 as part of. In spite of its enormous economic significance, the. A contribution to the geology of the soutpansberg group, waterberg supergroup, northern transvaal. The fossil gold placers of the witwatersrand pdf paperity. The witwatersrand area of south africa produces a significant percentage of the worlds gold. The witwatersrand basin and its gold deposits springerlink.
The witwatersrand plateau consists of a 5 000to7 000metrethick 3. Evidence for an intrabasinal source and multiple concentration processes in the formation of the carbon leader reef, witwatersrand supergroup, south africa. Apr 15, 2007 south africa is one of the worlds and africas most important mining countries in terms of the variety and quantity of minerals produced that include gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt and natural gas. Witwatersrand supergroup which is up to 7 km thick and is subdivided into the lower west rand group between 2970 and 2910 ma and the upper, goldbearing central rand group between 2890 and 2710 ma. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It is dated to the boundary between the archean and proterozoic eras, roughly 2,500 mya. Huge deposits of au are found in some of the conglomerates of the younger members of the supergroup. Regional magnetic overprinting of witwatersrand supergroup. Pdf evaluating the structural character and tectonic history of the. Water quality is generally good, especially in the area overlain with alluvium directly north of the witwatersrand supergroup, with the exception of a single borehole showing an elevated concentration of fe. Mafic basement of the mesoarchaean witwatersrand basin fill.
Accumulation of the sediments of the witwatersrand supergroup commenced at ca. Thermal properties of stratified rocks from witwatersrand. Their deposition was followed by a period of extensive volcanism which resulted in the emplace. Lineaments traversing the bushveld complex shown in relation to older megalineaments of the kaapvaal and zimbabwe cratons see inset davies et al. It is delimited by the witwatersrand basin 2,700 mya and the bushveld igneous. Read geochemistry and petrology of witwatersrand and dwyka diamictites from south africa. Although rocks of the witwatersrand supergroup are hardly exposed on surface, they can be regarded as the. Wilson, 1977, 1979 and radiometric anomalies over the lebowa granite suite denoted by black dots.
A timeline of the earths geological history, with an emphasis on events in southern africa. Ventersdorp supergroup the end of the witwatersrand supergroup sedimentation was marked by renewed uplift and erosion the vcr. Metal distribution in pyrobitumen of the carbon leader reef. The witwatersrand supergroup unconformably overlies basement granitoids and greenstones, as well as sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the dominion group. The witwatersrand basin, south africa semantic scholar.
Neoarchaean tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin and. The witwatersrand locally the rand or, less commonly, the reef is a 56kilometrelong 35 mi, northfacing scarp in south africa. Pdfs of separate departments or programs may be downloaded by browsing departments and programs or majors and minors. Syndepositional tectonism that extended from the hinterland into the foreland basin led to repeated further physical reworking of goldrich sediments to form more placer deposits higher up in the stratigraphy, even above the witwatersrand supergroup. Upb geochronology and paleo magnetism of the westerberg. A multiple sulfur and organic carbon isotope record from nonconglomeratic sedimentary rocks of the mesoarchean witwatersrand supergroup, south africa. Nagy b 1985a molecular and elemental analyses of u and au containing kerogen from the huronian supergroup, canada and the witwatersrand supergroup, south africa. The mesoarchean witwatersrand supergroup, of which the carbon leader reef is part, is an 7. Atmospheric oxygenation three billion years ago nature. The green block labeled k indicates when the karoo supergroup was deposited, in relation to the cape supergroup, c, immediately before it.
Exposure of similar rocks also occurs on the southern edge of the dome and unconformably underlies the witwatersrand supergroup 19, 20. Mafic basement of the mesoarchaean witwatersrand basin. Major geological structures within the property comprise normal faults subparallel to the west rand fault. The colby college catalogue is available for download free of charge as a single, searchable pdf file, updated every two hours.
Geological setting university of the witwatersrand. Dr iain mcdonald and dr hazel prichard cardiff university dr hannah hughes and prof carl anhauesser university of the witwatersrand associates. Pdf the worlds greatest deposit of gold is hosted by the archaean witwatersrand sedimentary basin, situated in the central portion of the. Read sequence stratigraphy of the vaal reef facies associations in the witwatersrand foredeep, south africa, sedimentary geology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. You can read online witwatersrand here in pdf, epub, mobi or docx formats.
The witwatersrand supergroup is an erosional and structural remnant of a large sedimentary succession that was deposited between 3. Geological framework and mineralization processes laurence j. The witwatersrand basin is an arcuate structural basin lying within the kaapvaal craton. South africa is one of the worlds and africas most important mining countries in terms of the variety and quantity of minerals produced that include gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt and natural gas. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. Within kloofs boundary, the vcr and the underlying central rand group strata of the witwatersrand supergroup have a general northeast strike and dip to the southeast at between 250 o and 450 o. The transvaal supergroup is a stratigraphic unit in northern south africa and southern botswana, situated on the kaapvaal craton, roughly between 23 and 29 degrees southern latitude and 22 to 30 degrees eastern longitude.
Rocks of the transvaal supergroup unconformably overlie either the witwatersrand supergroup or the ventersdorp supergroup and make up the floor rocks of the bushveld complex. This study has provided new support for a foreland basin origin of the witwatersrand supergroup, proposed by beukes 1995, beukes and nelson 1995 and nhleko 2003, resulting from orogenic collision of the witwatersrand and kimberley blocks along the western margin of the witwatersrand block. The w indicates when the witwatersrand supergroup was laid down, very much further in the past. The west rand group consists of alternating quartzite and shale units and one lava unit, while the. The pebble band in turn is overlain by a compact olivegreen shaly quartzite the green bar coetzee 1976. O and hisotope study of the carbon leader reef at the tau tona and savuka mines western deep levels, south africa. The basin basement and the witwatersrand supergroup, were proba in which the rocks of the central rand group sediments bly deposited somewhere between about 3 100 ma 21 and were being deposited was probably smaller in extent, and 2 800 ma ago 22. The lower or w est rand group mainly comprises iron rich shale and quartzites, while the gold bearing. Carbon leader gold ore with gold au and uraninite uo2 black. The growth and concentration of uranium and titanium minerals.
New geochronological constraints on the klipriviersberg group. Jun 15, 2001 read geochemistry and petrology of witwatersrand and dwyka diamictites from south africa. Geological survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Central rand group of the witwatersrand supergroup. It consists of a hard, erosionresistant quartzite metamorphic rock, over which several northflowing rivers form waterfalls, which account for the name witwatersrand, meaning ridge of white waters in afrikaans. The departments of botany and zoology of the university of the witwatersrand were founded in 1917 as part of the south african school of mines and technology. The supergroup consists of a sequence of units, mostly of nonmarine origin, deposited between the late carboniferous and early jurassic, a period of about 120 million years. Introductory life sciences ils complementary life sciences cls. C1 is situated in the north and northwestern areas of the vdwhs underlain by andesite of the klipriviersberg group, ventersdorp supergroup. What you need to convert a wrl file to a pdf file or how you can create a pdf version from your wrl file. Flexural partitioning of the late archaean witwatersrand foreland. Pyrite zoning as a record of mineralization in the ventersdorp contact reef, witwatersrand basin, south africa andrea agangi paleoproterozoic mineralization research group, department of geology, university of johannesburg, auckland park 2006, south africa. Origin, geodynamic significance and mineralization potential of archaean ultramafic complexes in the kaapvaal and north atlantic cratons. Pdf copy colby college catalogue 20192020 colby college.
Impact tectonics in the core of the vredefort dome, south. Metal distribution in pyrobitumen of the carbon leader. Michael meyer i department of geology, university of the witwatersrand, private bag 3, wits 2050, south africa received 19 december 1994. The carbon leader is a thin seam of carbonrich quartzite containing much pyrite and pyrrhotite, overlain by a pebble band between 530 cm thick. Pdf the witwatersrand basin in south africa has been the focus of gold exploitation for more than 100 years, and the subject of hundreds of. Animal, plant and environmental sciences celebrating a century of life sciences teaching and research. The graph also indicates the period during which banded ironstone. The witwatersrand supergroup is made up of erosion resistant quartzites, ironstones and some marine lava deposits interspersed with softer, more easily eroded tillites, mudstones and conglomerates. Neoarchaean tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin. Pyrite zoning as a record of mineralization in the. The deposition took place between 3 074 and 2 714 ma 21.
Modern and ancient fluvial systems wiley online books. Jun 01, 2001 read sequence stratigraphy of the vaal reef facies associations in the witwatersrand foredeep, south africa, sedimentary geology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Water free fulltext the role of geohydrology in the. The metamorphic isograds are, however, eccentric with respect to the collar strata, with progressively younger strata affected. The growth and concentration of uranium and titanium. Provenance and geochemical variations in shales of the. Large, sebastien meffre, rob burnett, bradley guy, stuart bull, sarah gilbert, karsten goemann, leonid danyushevsky. The school offers two courses in biology at the first year level. Gly 163 earth history the ventersdorp supergroup and the limpopo belt nils. Proterozoic minas supergroup as background for gold metallogenesis by eduardo a. The dominion group and witwatersrand supergroup are limited to the older witwatersrand block of the kaapvaal craton. Firstorder scale structures in the west wits line and west rand goldfields of the witwatersrand basin south. The witwatersrand basin fill was subjected to a series of alteration events, ranging from.
How investigative journalists helped turn the tide against. If you do not see its contents the file may be temporarily unavailable at the journal website or you do not have a pdf plugin installed and enabled in your browser. Files of the type wrl or files with the file extension. Regional magnetic overprinting of witwatersrand supergroup sediments, south africa article pdf available in journal of geophysical research atmospheres 93b3. Animal, plant and environmental sciences wits university. In the tautona mine, it is the only reef currently being mined and comprises a resource there of 8.
Composition and provenance of quartzites of the mesoarchean. Carbon leader member, main conglomerate, lower johannesburg subgroup, lower central rand group, witwatersrand supergroup, lower neoarchean, 2. Neoarchaean tectonic history of the witwatersrand basin and ventersdorp supergroup. University of the witwatersrand provides support as a hosting partner of the conversation africa. Bearing channel placers within the proterozoic witwatersrand supergroup of. The witwatersrand supergroup is divided into the lower west rand group and the upper central rand group. This study has provided new support for a foreland basin origin of the witwatersrand supergroup, proposed by beukes 1995, beukes and nelson 1995 and nhleko 2003, resulting from orogenic collision of the witwatersrand and kimberley blocks along the.
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